WarRoom - อาสาสมัครเตรียมการเฝ้าระวังประสานงานเตรียมพร้อมเพื่อรองรับสถานการณ์ปี 2013

Medical Alert
22 Nov 2012
________________________________________
Thailand: Diphtheria outbreak
In Brief
An outbreak of diphtheria has been reported in some areas in the North and Northeast. Diphtheria is a serious, potentially fatal, bacterial infection of the throat. Most cases occur in people who have never been vaccinated, or who been vaccinated inadequately.
Advice
• All travellers to Thailand are advised to be fully immunised against diphtheria. All travellers should be up-to-date with their routine vaccinations.
• Practice good hygiene to prevent infection.
• Avoid contact with people who are obviously sick.
• If you are unsure about your immunity, talk to your doctor.

More Detail
More than 40 people have been diagnosed with diphtheria in Thailand. At least four people have died. There is limited information about the outbreak however, the disease has been reported from the North and Northeast of the country. Cases are confirmed in Nong Bua Lamphu and Petchabun provinces, other areas may also be affected.
Health officials are investigating the situation, have implemented preventative measures and are conducting a vaccination campaign in the region.
Diphtheria is consistently present in Thailand. Cases are reported in the country each year.
What is diphtheria?
Diphtheria is an illness caused by the Corynebacterium diphtheriae bacteria. It releases a toxin into the body which can cause a range of symptoms. Most cases of diphtheria occur in non-immunised or inadequately-immunised persons. Infected people cough or sneeze droplets into the environment. Others can catch the disease if they inhale the droplets, or if they have contact with a patient's skin ulcers. The first symptoms are fever and sore throat. A membrane develops across the throat, making it difficult to swallow and breathe. Sometimes patients have neck swelling and skin ulceration. The toxin may also affect the heart and nervous system. It can be fatal.
The disease is treated with a combination of antibiotics, anti-toxin and measures to alleviate symptoms. Patients are usually hospitalised.
An effective vaccine is available to protect people from infection. Diphtheria vaccine is often combined with vaccination against tetanus and whooping cough (pertussis). This combination "triple antigen" vaccine is given as a childhood vaccination series in many countries.
Primary Vaccination
In many countries, vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough (pertussis) is given in a series of four to five injections during childhood ("triple antigen").
People over seven years old who have not received a primary vaccination series should have three doses of tetanus and diphtheria vaccine (Td). The first two doses should be given four to eight weeks apart. The third dose should be administered six to twelve months after the second.

Boosters
A booster shot is recommended in adolescence, usually combined with tetanus and pertussis (Tdap). A booster is recommended every 10 years for adults, combined with tetanus (Td).
For More Information:
• See Diphtheria in the "Diseases and Prevention" dropdown on International SOS Country Guides
• See CDC Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis Information
• Contact any International SOS assistance centre

 

วันนี้ให้ชาววอร์รูม จับตาแผ่นดินไหวรอบๆ บ้านเรา(และบ้านเรา) ด้วยจ้า

 

นักวิชาการบอกว่า ญี่ปุ่นควรจะเตรียมตัวเพื่อแผ่นดินไหว กรณีที่แย่ที่สุดคือ 10 ริกเตอร์ เค้าเสริมอีกว่า ความน่าจะเป็นมันค่อนข้างต่ำ แต่ว่าถ้าเราคิดกว่า มันน่าจะมีโอกาสที่จะเกิดได้ เราก็ควรทำการป้องกันไว้ก่อนถึง ความเสี่ยงสูงสุดที่จะมีได้ ส่วนแผ่นดินไหวที่แรงที่สุดของโลกที่ถูกบันทึกไว้คือ magnitude-9.5 Valdivia earthquake off the coast of Chile in 1960, rupturing a 1,000-kilometer fault. ที่ชิลีปี 1960


Researcher: Japan should prepare for worst-case magnitude-10 earthquake

November 23, 2012

By SHIGEKO SEGAWA/ Staff Writer

Japan should be prepared for the possibility of a magnitude-10 earthquake, although the chances of a temblor that size are slim, a seismologist said.

“The chances of a magnitude-10 occurring are very low,” professor Toru Matsuzawa of Tohoku University reported at a Nov. 21 meeting of the Coordinating Committee for Earthquake Prediction, Japan. “But if we think of what could happen, with the maximum in mind, we can make a swift response.”

The world’s largest recorded earthquake was the magnitude-9.5 Valdivia earthquake off the coast of Chile in 1960, rupturing a 1,000-kilometer fault. A magnitude-10 earthquake would be 30 times more powerful than the magnitude-9.0 Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011.

Matsuzawa said a magnitude-10 quake is possible in theory if a large fault slips.

If a temblor of such a scale should strike, the underground rupture would continue for 20 minutes to an hour, meaning tsunami could hit coasts before the shaking subsides.

If a 3,000-kilometer stretch from the Japan Trench to the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench along the Pacific Ring of Fire has a slip of 60 meters, that would constitute a magnitude-10 earthquake, he said.

The energy of a magnitude-11 quake, 30 times more powerful than a magnitude-10 temblor, would be equivalent to that of the asteroid impact that is believed to have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs 65.5 million years ago. Such a quake would cause a shift extending more than 20,000 kilometers. Matsuzawa concluded that consideration would not be needed for such an earthquake.

Researcher: Japan should prepare for worst-case magnitude-10 earthquake - AJW by The Asahi Shimbun

 

พึ่งค่อยจะมีเวลามาอ่านข่าว อัพข่าว แหะๆ :boo: